Young Goodman Brown Analysis Essay Example For Students

Young Goodman Brown Analysis Essay The Downfall of Young Goodman Brown Young GoodmanBrown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a story that is thick withallegory. Young Goodman Brown is a moral story which istold through the perversion of a religious leader. In YoungGoodman Brown, Goodman Brown is a Puritan ministerwho lets his excessive pride in himself interfere with hisrelations with the community after he meets with the devil,and causes him to live the life of an exile in his owncommunity. Young Goodman Brown begins when Faith,Browns wife, asks him not to go on an errand. GoodmanBrown says to his love and (my) Faith that this one night Imust tarry away from thee. When he says his love and hisFaith, he is talking to his wife, but he is also talking to hisfaith to God. He is venturing into the woods to meet withthe Devil, and by doing so, he leaves his unquestionable faithin God with his wife. He resolves that he will cling to herskirts and follow her to Heaven. This is an example of theexcessive pride because he feels that he can sin and meetwith the Devil because of this promise that he made tohimself. There is a tremendous irony to this promise becausewhen Goodman Brown comes back at dawn; he can nolonger look at his wife with the same faith he had before. We will write a custom essay on Young Goodman Brown Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When Goodman Brown finally meets with the Devil, hedeclares that the reason he was late was because Faith keptme back awhile. This statement has a double meaningbecause his wife physically prevented him from being ontime for his meeting with the devil, but his faith to God ipsychologically delayed his meeting with the devil. The Devilhad with him a staff that bore the likeness of a great blacksnake. The staff which looked like a snake is a reference tothe snake in the story of Adam and Eve. The snake ledAdam and Eve to their destruction by leading them to theTree of Knowledge. The Adam and Eve story is similar toGoodman Brown in that they are both seeking unfathomableamounts of knowledge. Once Adam and Eve ate from theTree of Knowledge they were expelled from their paradise. The Devils staff eventually leads Goodman Brown to theDevils ceremony which destroys Goodman Browns faith inhis fellow man, therefore expelling him from his utopia. Goodman Brown almost immediately declares that he kepthis meeting with the Devil and no longer wishes to continueon his errand with the Devil. He says that he comes from arace of honest men and good Christians and that his fatherhad never gone on this errand and nor will he. The Devil isquick to point out however that he was with his father andgrandfather when they were flogging a woman or burning anIndian village, respectively. These acts are ironic in that theywere bad deeds done in the name of good, and it shows thathe does not come from good Christians. When GoodmanBrowns first excuse not to carry on with the errand provesto be unconvincing, he says he cant go because of his wife,Faith. And because of her, he can not carry out the errandany further. At this point the Devil agrees with him and tellshim to turn back to prevent that Faith should come to anyharm like the old woman in front of them on the path. Ironically, Goodman Browns faith is harmed because thewoman on the path is the woman who taught him hiscatechism in youth, and was still his moral and spiritualadviser. The Devil and the woman talk and afterward,Brown continues to walk on with the Devil in the disbelief ofwhat he had just witnessed. Ironically, he blames the womanfor consorting with the Devil but his own pride stops himfrom realizing that his faults are the same as the womans. Brown again decides that he will no longer to continue on hiserrand and rationalizes that just because his teacher was notgoing to heaven, why should he quit my dear Faith, and goafter her. At this, the Devil tosses Goodman Brown his staff(which will lead him out of his Eden) and leaves him. Goodman Brown begins to think to himself about hissituation and his pride in himself begins to build. Heapplauds himself greatly, and thinking with how clear aconscience he should meet his ministerAnd what calmsleep would be hisin the arms of Faith! This is ironicbecause at the end of the story, he can not even look Faithin the eye, let alone sleep in her arms. As Goodman Brownis feeling good about his strength in resisting the Devil, hehears the voices of the minister and Deacon Gookin. Heoverhears their conversation and hears them discuss agoodly young woman to be taken in to communion thatevening at that nights meeting and fears that it may be hisFaith. When Goodman Brown hears this he becomes weakand falls to the ground. He begins to doubt whether therereally was a Heaven above him and this is a key point whenGoodman Browns faith begins to wain. Goodman Brown inpanic declares that With Heaven above, and Faith below, Iwill yet stand firm against the devil! Again, Brown makes aprom ise to keep his faith unto God. Then a black mass ofcloud goes in between Brown and the sky as if to block hisprayer from heaven. Brown then hears what he believed tobe voices that he has before in the community. OnceGoodman Brown begins to doubt whether this is really whathe had heard or not, the sound comes to him again and thistime it is followed by one voice, of a young woman. .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 , .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .postImageUrl , .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 , .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7:hover , .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7:visited , .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7:active { border:0!important; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7:active , .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7 .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8c2d94df1d022f2f7f7a5de41945f5d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayGoodman believes this is Faith and he yells out her nameonly to be mimicked by the echoes of the forest, as if hiscalls to Faith were falling on deaf ears. A pink ribbon fliesthrough the air and Goodman grabs it. At this moment, hehas lost all faith in the world and declares that there is nogood on earth. Young Goodman Brown in this scene iseasily manipulated simply by the power of suggestion. Thesuggestion that the woman in question is his Faith, andbecause of this, he easily loses his faith. Goodman Brownthen loses all of his inhibitions and begins to laugh insanely. He takes hold of the staff which causes him to seem to flyalong the forest-path. This image alludes to that of Adamand Eve being led out of the Garden of Eden as is GoodmanBrown being led out of his utopia by the Devils snakelikestaff. Hawthorne at this point remarks about the instinct thatguides mortal man to evil. This is a direct statement from theauthor that he believes that mans natural inclination is to leanto evil than good. Goodman Brown had at this point lost hisfaith in God, therefore there was nothing restraining hisinstincts from moving towards evil because he had been leadout from his utopian image of society. At this point,Goodman Brown goes mad and challenges evil. He feelsthat he will be the downfall of evil and that he is strongenough to overcome it all. This is another demonstration ofBrowns excessive pride and arrogance. He believes that heis better than everyone else in that he alone can destroy evil. Brown then comes upon the ceremony which is setup like aperverted Puritan temple. The altar was a rock in the middleof the congregation and there were four trees surroundingthe congregation with their tops ablaze, like candles. A redlight rose and fell over the congregation which cast a veil ofevil over the congregation over the devil worshippers. Brown starts to take notice of the faces that he sees in theservice and he recognizes them all, but he then realizes thathe does not see Faith and hope came into his heart. This isthe first time that the word hope ever comes into the storyand it is because this is the true turning point for GoodmanBrown. If Faith was not there, as he had hoped, he wouldnot have to live alone in his community of heathens, which hedoes not realize that he is already apart of. Another way thatthe hope could be looked at is that it is all one of theChristian triptych. (Capps 25) The third part of the triptychwhich is never mentioned throughout the story is charity. IfBrown had had charity it would have been the antidotethat would have allowed him to survive without despair theinformed state in which he returned to Salem. (Camps 25)The ceremony then begins with a a cry to Bring forth theconverts! Surprisingly Goodman Brown steps forward. Hehad no power to retreat one step, nor to resist, even inthought. G oodman Brown at this point seems to be in atrance and he loses control of his body as he isunconsciously entering this service of converts to the devil. The leader of the service than addresses the crowd ofconverts in a disturbing manner. He informs them that all themembers of the congregation are the righteous, honest, andincorruptible of the community. The sermon leader theninforms the crowd of their leaders evil deeds such asattempted murder of the spouse and wife, adultery, andobvious blasphemy. After his sermon, the leader informsthem to look upon each other and Goodman Brown findshimself face to face with Faith. The leader begins up againdeclaring that Evil is the nature of mankind and hewelcomes the converts to communion of your race. (Thecommunion of your race statement reflects to the irony ofBrowns earlier statement that he comes from a race ofhonest men and good Christians.) The leader than dips hishand in the rock to draw a liquid from it and to lay the markof baptism upon their foreheads. Brown than snaps outfrom his trance and yells Faith! Faith! Look up to Heavenand resist the wicked one! At this, the ceremony ends and Brown finds himself alone. He does not know whether Faith,his wife, had kept her faith, but he finds himself alone whichleads him to believe that he is also alone in his faith. .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e , .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .postImageUrl , .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e , .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e:hover , .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e:visited , .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e:active { border:0!important; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e:active , .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u544af649162114a8ffe474a36bfb7b6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Overview Of Industrialized Building Systems Construction EssayThroughout the story, Brown lacks emotion as a normalperson would have had. The closest Brown comes toshowing an emotion is when a hanging twig, that had beenall on fire, besprinkled his cheek with the coldest dew. Thedew on his cheek represents a tear that Brown is unable toproduce because of his lack of emotion. Hawthorne showsthat Brown has no compassion for the weaknesses he seesin others, no remorse for his own sin, and no sorrow for hisloss of faith. (Easterly 339) His lack of remorse andcompassion condemns him to an anguished life that isspiritually and emotionally dissociated. (Easterly 341) Thisscene is an example of how Goodman Brown chose tofollow his head rather than his heart. Had Brown followedhis heart, he may have still lived a good life. If he followedwith his heart, he would have been able to sympathize withthe communitys weaknesses, but instead, he listened to hishead and excommunicated himself from the communitybecause he only thought of them as heathens.. YoungGoodman Brown ends with Brown returning to Salem atearly dawn and looking around like a bewildered man. Hecannot believe that he is in the same place that he just thenight before; because to him, Salem was no longer home. He felt like an outsider in a world of Devil worshippers andbecause his basic means of order, his religious system, isabsent, the society he was familiar with becomesnightmarish. (Shear 545) He comes back to the townprojecting his guilt onto those around him. (Tritt 114)Brown expresses his discomfort with his new surroundingsand his excessive pride when he takes a child away from ablessing given by Goody Cloyse, his former Catechismteacher, as if he were taking the child from the grasp of thefiend himself. His anger towards the community isexemplified when he sees Faith who is overwhelmed withexcitement to see him and he looks sternly and sadly intoher face, and passed on without a greeting. Brown cannoteven stand to look at his wife with whom he was at theconvert service with. He feels that even though he was at theDevils service, he is still better than everyone else becauseof his excessive pride. Brown feels he can push his ownfaults on to others and look down at them rather than look athimself and resolve his own faults with himself. GoodmanBrown was devastated by the discovery that the potentialfor evil resides in everybody. The rest of his life is destroyedbecause of his inability to face this truth and live with it. Thestory, which may have been a dream, and not a real lifeevent, planted the seed of doubt in Browns mind whichconsequently cut him off from his fellow man and leaves himalone and depressed. His life ends alone and miserablebecause he was never able to look at himself and realize thatwhat he believed were everyone elses faults were his aswell. His excessive pride in himself led to his isolation fromthe community. Brown was buried with no hopeful verseupon his tombstone; for his dying hour was gloom. WorksCited Capps, Jack L. Hawthornes Young GoodmanBrown, Explicator, Washington D.C., 1982 Spring, 40:3,25. Easterly, Joan Elizabeth. Lachrymal Imagery inHawthornes Young Goodman Brown, Studies in ShortFiction, Newberry, S.C., 1991 Summer, 28:3, 3 39-43. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodmam Brown, TheStory and Its Writer, 4th ed. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston:Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1995, 595-604. Shear, Walter. Cultural Fate and Social Freedom in ThreeAmerican Short Stories, Studies in Short Fiction,Newberry, S.C., 1992 Fall, 29:4, 543-549. Tritt, Michael. Young Goodman Brown and the Psychology ofProjection, Studies in Short Fiction, Newberry, S.C., 1986Winter, 23:1, 113-117. Book Reports

Fascinating Facts About Caterpillars

Fascinating Facts About Caterpillars Surely youve seen a caterpillar in your lifetime, and youve probably even handled one, but how much do you know about Lepidopteran larvae? These cool facts about caterpillars will give you new respect for what remarkable creatures they are. A Caterpillar Has Just One Job to Eat During the larval stage, the caterpillar must consume enough to sustain itself through its pupal stage and into adulthood. Without proper nutrition, it may not have the energy to complete its metamorphosis. Malnourished caterpillars may reach adulthood, but be unable to produce eggs. Caterpillars can eat an enormous amount during a life cycle stage that typically lasts several weeks. Some consume 27,000 times their body weight during this life phase. Caterpillars Increase Their Body Mass by as Much as 1,000 Times or More The larval stage of the life cycle is all about growth. Within the span of a few weeks, the caterpillar will grow exponentially. Because its cuticle, or skin, is only so pliable, the caterpillar will molt multiple times as it gains size and mass. The stage between molts is called an instar, and most caterpillars go through 5 to 6 instars before pupating. No wonder caterpillars consume so much food! A Caterpillars First Meal Is Usually Its Eggshell In most cases, when a caterpillar ecloses (hatches) from its egg, it will consume the remainder of the shell. The outer layer of the egg, called the chorion, is rich in protein and provides the new larva  with a nutritious start. A Caterpillar Has as Many as 4,000 Muscles in Its Body Thats one seriously muscle-bound insect! By comparison, humans have just 629 muscles in a considerably larger body. The caterpillars head capsule alone consists of 248 individual muscles, and about 70 muscles control each body segment. Remarkably, each of the 4,000 muscles is innervated by one or two neurons.   Caterpillars Have 12 Eyes On each side of its head, a caterpillar has 6 tiny eyelets, called stemmata, arranged in a semi-circle. One of the 6 eyelets is usually offset a bit and located closer to the antennae. You would think an insect with 12 eyes would have excellent eyesight, but thats not the case. The stemmata serve merely to help the caterpillar differentiate between light and dark. If you watch a caterpillar, youll notice it sometimes moves its head from side to side. This most likely helps it judge depth  and distance as it navigates somewhat blindly. Caterpillars Produce Silk Using modified salivary glands along the sides of their mouth, caterpillars can produce silk as needed. Some caterpillars, like gypsy moths, disperse by ballooning from the treetops on a silken thread. Others, such as eastern tent caterpillars or webworms, construct silk tents in which they live communally. Bagworms use silk to join dead foliage together into a shelter. Caterpillars also use silk when they pupate, either to suspend a chrysalis or to construct a cocoon. Caterpillars Have 6 Legs, Just as Adult Butterflies or Moths Do There are way more than 6 legs on most caterpillars youve seen, but most of those legs are false legs, called prolegs, which help the caterpillar hold onto plant surfaces and allow it to climb. The 3 pairs of legs on the caterpillars thoracic segments are the true legs, which it will retain in adulthood. A caterpillar may have up to 5 pairs of prolegs on its abdominal segments, usually including a terminal pair on the hind end.   Caterpillars Move in a Wavelike Motion, From Back to Front Caterpillars with a full complement of prolegs move in a fairly predictable motion. Usually, the caterpillar will first anchor itself using the terminal pair of prolegs and then reach forward with one pair of legs at a time, starting from the hind end. Theres more going on than just leg action, though. The caterpillars blood pressure changes as it moves forward, and its gut, which is basically a cylinder suspended inside its body, advances in sync with the head and rear end. Inchworms and loopers, which have fewer prolegs, move by pulling their hind ends forward in contact with the thorax and then extending their front half. Caterpillars Get Creative When It Comes to Self Defense Life at the bottom of the food chain can be tough, so caterpillars employ all kinds of strategies to avoid becoming a bird snack. Some caterpillars, such as the early instars of black swallowtails, look like bird droppings. Certain inchworms in the family Geometridae mimic twigs, and bear markings that resemble leaf scars or bark. Other caterpillars use the opposite strategy, making themselves visible with bright colors to advertise their toxicity. A few caterpillars, like the spicebush swallowtail, display large eyespots to deter birds from eating them. If youve ever tried to take a caterpillar from its host plant, only to have it fall to the ground, youve observed it using thanatosis to thwart your efforts to collect it. A swallowtail caterpillar can be identified by its smelly osmeterium, a special defensive stink gland just behind the head. Many Caterpillars Use the Toxins From Their Host Plants to Their Own Advantage Caterpillars and plants co-evolve. Some host plants produce toxic or foul-tasting compounds meant to dissuade herbivores from munching their foliage. But many caterpillars can sequester the toxins in their bodies, effectively using these compounds to protect themselves from predators. The classic example of this is the monarch caterpillar and its host plant, milkweed. The monarch caterpillar ingests glycosides produced by the milkweed plant. These toxins remain within the monarch through adulthood, making the butterfly unpalatable to birds and other predators. Sources Caterpillar locomotion: A new model for soft-bodied climbing and burrowing robots, Barry A. Trimmer, Ann E. Takesian, and Brian M. Sweet, Tufts University, 2006.Unique Means of Animal Locomotion Reported for First Time, Tufts University media release, July 22, 2010.Caterpillars of Eastern North America, David L. Wagner.Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd Edition, edited by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Cardà ©, 2009.Borror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson, 2005.

Battle of Gallipoli in World War I

Battle of Gallipoli in World War I The Battle of Gallipoli was fought during World War I (1914-1918) and represented an attempt to knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war. The plan for the operation was conceived by First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill who believed warships could force the Dardanelles and strike directly at Constantinople. When this proved unfeasible, the Allies elected to land troops on the Gallipoli Peninsula to open the straits. The early stages of the campaign were badly handled and Allied forces were effectively trapped in their beachheads. Though the Allies spent much of 1915 trying to breakout, they were not successful and the decision was made to withdraw late that year. The campaign marked the Ottoman Empires greatest victory of the war. Fast Facts: Gallipoli Campaign Conflict: World War I (1914-1918)Dates: February 17, 1915-January 9, 1916Armies Commanders:AlliesGeneral Sir Ian HamiltonAdmiral Sir John de Robeck489,000 menOttoman EmpireLieutenant General Otto Liman von SandersMustafa Kemal Pasha315,500 menCasualties:Allies: Britain - 160,790 killed and wounded, France - 27,169 killed and woundedOttoman Empire: 161,828 killed, wounded, and missing Background Following the entry of the Ottoman Empire into World War I, First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill developed a plan for attacking the Dardanelles. Using the ships of the Royal Navy, Churchill believed, partially due to faulty intelligence, that the straits could be forced, opening the way for a direct assault on Constantinople. This plan was approved and several of the Royal Navys older battleships were transferred to the Mediterranean. On the Offensive Operations against the Dardanelles began on February 19, 1915, with British ships under Admiral Sir Sackville Carden bombarding Turkish defenses with little effect. A second attack was made on the 25th which succeeded in forcing the Turks to fall back to their second line of defenses. Entering the straits, British warships engaged the Turks again on March 1, however, their minesweepers were prevented from clearing the channel due to heavy fire. Another attempt to remove the mines failed on the 13th, leading Carden to resign. His replacement, Rear Admiral John de Robeck, launched a massive assault on Turkish defenses on the 18th. This failed and resulted in the sinking of two old British and one French battleships after they struck mines. General Sir Ian Hamilton, 1910. Library of Congress Ground Forces With the failure of the naval campaign, it became clear to Allied leaders that a ground force was going to be needed to eliminate the Turkish artillery on the Gallipoli Peninsula which commanded the straits. This mission was delegated to General Sir Ian Hamilton and the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. This command included the newly formed Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), the 29th Division, the Royal Naval Division, and the French Oriental Expeditionary Corps. Security for the operation was lax and the Turks spent six weeks preparing for the anticipated assault. Ottoman machine gun team during the Gallipoli Campaign. Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-S29571 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 Opposing the Allies was the Turkish 5th Army commanded by General Otto Liman von Sanders, the German advisor to the Ottoman army. Hamiltons plan called for landings at Cape Helles, near the tip of the peninsula, with the ANZACs landing further up the Aegean coast just north of Gaba Tepe. While the 29th Division was to advance north to take the forts along the straits, the ANZACs were to cut across the peninsula to prevent the retreat or reinforcement of the Turkish defenders. The first landings began on April 25, 1915, and were badly mismanaged (Map). Meeting stiff resistance at Cape Helles, British troops took heavy casualties as they landed and, after heavy fighting, were finally able to overwhelm the defenders. To the north, the ANZACs faired slightly better, though they missed their intended landing beaches by about a mile. Pushing inland from Anzac Cove, they were able to gain a shallow foothold. Two days later, Turkish troops under Mustafa Kemal attempted to drive the ANZACs back into the sea but were defeated by tenacious defending and naval gunfire. At Helles, Hamilton, now supported by French troops, pushed north towards the village of Krithia. Trench Warfare Attacking on April 28, Hamiltons men were unable to take the village. With his advance stalled in the face of determined resistance, the front began to mirror the trench warfare of France. Another attempt was made to take Krithia on May 6. Pushing hard, Allied forces only gained a quarter mile while suffering heavy casualties. At Anzac Cove, Kemal launched a massive counterattack on May 19. Unable to throw the ANZACs back, he suffered over 10,000 casualties in the attempt. On June 4, a final attempt was made against Krithia with no success. Gridlock After a limited victory at Gully Ravine in late June, Hamilton accepted that the Helles front had become a stalemate. Seeking to move around the Turkish lines, Hamilton re-embarked two divisions and had them landed at Sulva Bay, just north of Anzac Cove, on August 6. This was supported by diversionary attacks at Anzac and Helles. Coming ashore, Lt. General Sir Frederick Stopfords men moved too slowly and the Turks were able to occupy the heights overlooking their position. As a result, the British troops were quickly locked into their beachhead. In the supporting action to the south, the ANZACs were able to win a rare victory at Lone Pine, though their main assaults on Chunuk Bair and Hill 971 failed. Soldiers of the Royal Irish Fusiliers in the trenches on the southern section of Gallipoli Peninsula during World War I. Australian War Memorial On August 21, Hamilton attempted to revive the offensive at Sulva Bay with attacks on Scimitar Hill and Hill 60. Fighting in brutal heat, these were beaten off and by the 29th the battle had ended. With the failure of Hamiltons August Offensive, fighting calmed as British leaders debated the future of the campaign. In October, Hamilton was replaced by Lt. General Sir Charles Monro. After reviewing his command, and influenced by the entry of Bulgaria into the war on the side of the Central Powers, Monro recommended evacuating Gallipoli. Following a visit from Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener, Monros evacuation plan was approved. Beginning on December 7, troop levels were drawn down with those at Sulva Bay and Anzac Cove departing first. The last Allied forces departed Gallipoli on January 9, 1916, when the final troops embarked at Helles. Aftermath The Gallipoli Campaign cost the Allies 187,959 killed and wounded and the Turks 161,828. Gallipoli proved to be the Turks greatest victory of the war. In London, the campaigns failure led to the demotion of Winston Churchill and contributed to the collapse of Prime Minister H. H. Asquiths government. The fighting at Gallipoli proved a galvanizing national experience for Australia and New Zealand, which had not previously fought in a major conflict. As a result, the anniversary of the landings, April 25, is celebrated as ANZAC Day and is both nations most significant day of military remembrance.

As the population continues to grow the carrying capacity is reaching Research Paper

As the population continues to grow the carrying capacity is reaching unsustainble levels. Discuss the negative short and long t - Research Paper Example The rapid population growth in the U.S. has ultimately led to unsustainable levels of population (National Audubon Society, 2013). With the increase in population, the carrying capacity has reached unsustainable levels and is likely to cause immense negative consequences in the United States. This paper will discuss the negative long term and short term effects of unsustainable population growth in the United States. The negative short and long term impacts of an unsustainable population (in the US) The unsustainable level of population has both short term and long term negative effects. With the increase in population, the diminishing carrying capacity of the United States will affect the country, in the long term and short term. One short term effect of unsustainable population is that it will lead to poor economic growth. High population growth will hinder the economic growth of the United States. This is because the available resources are not likely to sustain the population. Th e government will have to deal with challenges regarding equal distribution of resources in the entire country. The rate of economic growth has to be high in order to sustain the population and ensure that all people have access to basic services. However, this will be in the short term since in the long run the government will come up with measures to ensure that the available resources are equally distributed throughout the country (National Audubon Society, 2013). Another negative impact of high population growth in the short term is that the U.S. government will be faced by the challenge of providing amenities. High population may exceed the number of facilities, which the government has set aside for the provision of basic amenities. High population also means that the number of facilities have to be increased. The burden to increase the facilities lies on the government. The provision of some services such as healthcare, education, as well as sanitation services largely depend s on the population. When the population is high, it becomes challenging to provide quality services to all people. Consequently, the quality of services provided may be poor because the human resources needed to provide such services may not match the needs of the entire population. This may hinder people’s access to some crucial services such as healthcare. Education may also be compromised since the teacher to student ration will be lower. As a result, the quality of U.S. education may become poor before the government rectifies the situation by employing more teachers. There will also be a shortage of some amenities such as water due to high population growth. This emanates from the fact that water sources can be depleted by high population. Scarcity of water will also emanate from the destruction of water sources due to human activity (Robertson, 2012). The other negative short term impact of high population growth is that the unsustainable population may lead to rural-u rban migration. This is also precipitated by the aspect of urbanisation, which motivates people to move to urban centres in search of jobs. As a result, the population of the rural areas will decrease while the urban population will undergo a dramatic increase. The overall impact is that there will be insecurity in urban centres due to the high population of unemployed youths. High population

Cunduct a survey criticle analyzing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cunduct a survey criticle analyzing - Essay Example The paper goes systematically. In the first half of the paper, it provides a brief account of the approach to be taken while conducting this research. This is followed by a step-by-step guide through the entire process of data collection, data analyzing and reporting. It is not a manual on how to conduct a research. It is not even intended that way. It is rather a way to enlighten the novice researcher of the pitfalls associated with research and common mistakes encountered. It tells him, how he must avoid those mistakes if the work is to be deemed authentic and valid. Survey research asks of the same practices and methods as those undertaken in other approaches for research. The journal editors and the research community at large will evaluate a research report with the same level of intensity as that of any other research report. This does not imply that the survey research is difficult or complex, but the point being that the researchers need to be aware of the steps that should be taken in a survey research and they should be thoughtful, in their planning, execution and reporting of the project. More than anything else, survey research should not be considered as a quick, easy and dirty option. It should be worked over very cautiously. If haphazard work is done on it then, it won’t be able to add sufficient and desired value to education. The article elaborates on the development of the Team Diagnostic survey (TDS). It is an instrument which is used to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of work teams and for research on team behavior and performance. The TDS revolves primarily around research and theory on the conditions set to foster and build team effectiveness. It gives an insight into how well a team is structured, supported and what is it’s leadership like. It reflects on how the processes members engage in while working, the impact of their reactions to the team at large and to the work . On the psychometric properties level, TDS

Thatchers Britain Essay Example for Free

Thatchers Britain Essay The text that we have been studying in Drama is Willy Russells Blood Brothers. Willy Russell was born in Whiston, near Liverpool, England, in 1947. I believe that his upbringing that he had, and his social and economic circumstances greatly affected the writing of Blood Brothers. He was brought up in a poor area, in a poor family that was treated by the government very badly. We hot seated Willy Russell and found out a lot about him. We found out that he was the author of Blood Brothers and that his parents and how they behaved greatly influenced the play because of his working class background. We then went on to find out that he studied Literature at school and achieved an O level in the subject, the only grade that he achieved in schooling. He hated Thatchers Britain because he had strong views on the working classes attempts to gain access to middle-class culture, he believed that every person should be treated the same no matter what their financial state. He believed that Margaret Thatcher helped the rich and made life difficult for the poor. These views that he had greatly affected his writing because in every play that he wrote, the poor were displayed to be courageous and battling even though they were treated badly, and the rich to have the easy life with not a care in the world and look down on the lower class. The second task that helped us to understand the play more was when the workshop developed to the point where we were able to build the two different households. The first household that we had to build was the Johnston house. We had to think more about what we were going to put into the house because of the poor background that the family had. They couldnt be extravagant and had to have a cheap, rough looking sofa, a dirty unfashionable carpet and a big, old TV set. This really helped us to understand the economic issues that the Johnston family had by just letting our minds see what their home was like. You could instantly see that they couldnt afford much and the social affect of being a single mother with only one salary coming into the family really affected them. The theme that ran their lives was that of great poverty. When we built the Lyon family house, it was a completely different story. Big, long dining table, crystal glasses and even a piano in the corner! The Lyon family was obviously the rich family of the play and they could afford to splash out on things because they had money. Hot seating Mrs Johnston really helped me to understand what life was really like for her; she struggled as a mother and provider and felt unloved and unappreciated by her rowdy family. We asked her if she was proud of her home, she said yes because everything in it, she had paid for herself and that made her feel very proud, almost as if she had achieved something. When we sculpted the still images inside both the families, this helped us all to understand the relationships between the characters. In the Johnston image, all the children were close to each other and argued in a playful way showing affection and love towards on another. It was loud with excitement about the Reverend coming round for tea, and the weekly treat of Fish and Chips. Whereas in the Lyon house, the three members of the family were silent while eating their dinner and only spoke when they snapped at each other. The mother sat closer to the child and the father sat at the opposite end of the table, showing a greater more affectionate bond between the mother and son than between father and son. When thought tracking these still images, we were able to find out what the characters really thought about the situation that they were in. Nearly every member in the Johnston household was happy with their poverty-ridden life because they had love and trust. In the Lyons household there was a great divide between the family and the constant arguments and father working away had pushed a barrier between them all. They felt unable to love on another, they only felt anger. As you can see, the influences that Willy Russell had and his own beliefs really have affected this play. He has made the Johnston family that of a loving, courageous family that makes each moment of their life count. Contrastively, in the Lyon household, the author has portrayed the family of that of a over paid, worthless family that has more money than sense. After exploring the text in more depth than just reading it, I feel like I now know a lot more about it and really can understand the thought process that Willy Russell went through when he was writing it. I can clearly see the evidence that made him write the play like he has, and can easily pick out the influences he put into the play from his own life. From using role reversal on the scene were the two boys meet for the first time, I have gained an extra understanding of the relationship of the boys. From changing the mother to Mrs Lyons instead of Mrs Johnston really changed the whole scene greatly. The boys relationship when they first meet really expands; they meet and discover that they have the same birthday. For any young boy, meeting a person that has the same birthday as you is amazing, you feel connected to the person because birth is a special thing! When they become Blood Brothers you really feel the connection between the two and how strongly they are now feeling or their brother. In this scene there is a great show of contrast when Mickey teaches Eddie his new favourite word. It shows the great divide between the two classes due to Thatchers Britain. When Mrs Lyons come in and discovers the two boys, we improvised that she would become really angry with the boys for ever meeting. We decided that this was because she was petrified that Mr Lyons would find out about her never having a child. Next comes the character of Linda. When she discovers later on in the play that Eddie loves her even though she is married to Mickey, what were her feelings? This I what we set out to find out. By using the explorative strategy of Devil/Angel we were able to do this. We found out that she cared greatly for her husband Mickey, but wanted more than she had achieved in her life. She then thought that he only way she would be able to do this was by dating Eddie. We found that she was really very confused because she didnt know which man she wanted more. She had a house and children with Mickey, but wanted to live up to greater things with Eddie. I believe that she had these feelings because she thought that rich Eddie had the easy, carefree life of a rich person in 1980s Britain and she wouldnt have to worry anymore about her financial ways. Basically she wanted out of her poverty ridden life of being Mrs Johnston. At the end of the play, after the meeting between Linda and Mickey after she has been out to lunch with Eddie, we developed the feelings of Mickey as he travelled to the Lyon household. WE did this by using the explorative strategy of a conscience alley. We discovered that the main thoughts travelling trough Mickeys mind were those of hatred and a want for revenge towards Eddie because of the fact that he had cheated on him with his wife. We then continued to look at the scene when Eddie meets the enraged Mickey at his house. We marked out four important scenes, which we felt were turning points in the scene. These point were: 1. When Mickey first gets to the Lyon household 2. When he pulls out the gun on Eddie and asks him who has the power 3. When he reveals that the gun was actually a fake 4. When he pours his heart out to Eddie about the situation of him and his wife We chose these scene because they pitch the different aspects of the final scene, they have nearly all of the feelings of Mickey in them. Love towards Eddie, hatred, the want for revenge all of them. On further development, and turning the still images into a crime report. I personally discovered that the boys deep down really cared for each other and that neither of them wanted to hurt the other. When I wrote and performed my soliloquy of Linda, I really had to focus on the Angel/Devil exercise and the feelings that she had towards each character. I decided that she would be more devastated about the loss of her husband than that of her friend. I thought that she would blame Eddie and herself for Mickeys death because if they had never gone to lunch, Mickey would never have gone over to the Lyon household with the feelings that he did. I now feel that I fully understand the form and structure of Blood Brothers. It is a episodic comedy/tragedy that really shows you how tough it was to live as a working class in Thatchers Britain.

Sherlock Holmes Essay example -- English Literature

Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes is a famous fictional detective with his own series of books written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle between the late 1800’s and early 1900’s otherwise known as the Victorian era in England. The stories were set in London on Baker Street. The people of Victorian England loved Sherlock Holmes because he always got his man, and the police in their time could not get anyone. Another reason the English people from the Victorian era loved Sherlock Holmes is the way he solves the crimes. He is observant, intelligent, has a sense of humour, brave and makes deductions very well from almost nothing. Sherlock is a tall slim man with sharp piercing eyes, square shoulders, and known for his hat and pipe, which he smokes quite a lot. He sometimes acts stupidly to catch criminals or uses role reversal and take the criminals for fools. Sherlock Holmes is seen as an amateur detective that you can count on. In â€Å"The Red Headed League† Holmes shows he is truly a great detective by changing personalities to handle the suspects. He uses sarcasm, intelligence, his ability to appear calm and relaxed, sense of humour and of course his deductive and observant mind. In this story, however, he mainly uses his observant mind and sense of humour. ‘Until the comical side of the affair so completely over-topped every other consideration that both burst out into a roar of long laughter.’ He has the criminal copying from a dictionary for no reason, which is quite amusing. Then he uses both his sense of humour and observant mind when he says ‘Behind the obvious fact that he has at sometime done some manual labour, that he takes snuff, that he is a freemason, and that he has done a considerable amount of wri... ...lso, since Sherlock Holmes was a cocaine addict like most middle class people at the time, it appealed to them along with the fact that he was like the justice they were not receiving because he always got his man. The stories are popular today because they are set in London but not modern London Victorian London. Since they were written in the Victorian period the plot and structure of the original stories are seen to be well written, very imaginative and including a variety of characters, crimes and types of clues. Also since the police in the Victorian era couldn’t solve anything Sherlock Holmes was seen as a hero because he would always solve his crimes in a unique and flawlessly constructed way and since he was the first literary super hero working to help the underdog modern day people, including me, have to respect his stories, like them or not.

Academic Integrity Essay

1.) The Importance of writing in both academically and professionally is that you are communicating and/or expressing ideas through both of them. There is a lot of jobs that will require writing skills because you need to know how to communicate through paper. Having good academic writing skills will even do you good when you are a student. Developing good academic writing skills has many advantages beyond obtaining higher grades. Professional writing involves using clear language to explain themselves to an audience. 2.) Integrity is important in writing because you should be honest to yourself and other people whom you are writing to. I believe that being in an online class helps you understand what integrity is and helps you be honest to people while you are opening up to them. For example in our discussion questions I feel like being honest is very important because it will keep my conversation going without any lies, it would be very e to be caught lying to someone while we are having a conversation. That is why it is important to have integrity. 3.) The easiest way to avoid plagiarism is by using your own words. Once someone understands what plagiarism is and the consequences for doing it they will understand it much better. Quotations must be used when the paragraph is about 40 words or 3 sentences long. Like I said in my first sentence using your own words is the best way to avoid plagiarism is to use paraphrase. Paraphrasing means you should put the ideas in a passage into your own words, usually following the order in which the ideas were presented in the original paper.

African American Immigration Essay

Among many of the ethnic groups that experienced a combination of segregation, racism, and prejudice; African Americans is one of the few that is still faced with one or more forms of discrimination today. The majority of African Americans came to the United States from Africa to be slaves, while others are citizens or residents of the United States from partial ancestry a form of the native population. In 1619, the first recorded Africans were recorded in British North America in Jamestown, Virginia, and the numbers began to increase as more English settlers died from harsh conditions and the Africans were brought to work as laborers. In the late 1700s the American Revolution occurred, which landed approximately 3 million Africans in slavery in the United States by the mid-1800s, (Centerwall, Brandon, 1984). In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln declared that all slaves in the United States from a Union were free. Meanwhile the declaration of Africans being free from slavery was joyful event, it was also the beginning of a growing battle that lead to a different approach of discrimination including; segregation, prejudice, and racism. By the 1900s, the African American population increased, which majority of the population lived in the Southern states of the United States. The Southern states enforced the Jim Crow laws, which mandated racial segregation in all public facilities giving white Americans advantages over black Americans in public schools, public transportation, restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains. In order to eliminate the control that white Americans had over African Americans, African Americans began to build their own schools, churches, and communities. Although, African Americans building their own communities was the intention of avoiding the humiliation of the Jim Crow laws, it still didn’t prevent the African Americans from becoming victims of racially motivated violence. African Americans experienced countless acts of violence incidents that lead blacks battered, beaten and even dead in some cases. White Americans begin to form organizations that promoted white power, leading the organizations to practice out violence and destroy African Americans property. A popular white power organization called themselves the Ku Klux Klan and performed acts against blacks that included; lynching cross burnings, physical violence, and house burnings towards African Americans. Although, the Ku Klux Klan was formed in 1867, it has been rumors that there are people that are still secretly members today. African Americans experienced a wider range of discrimination, segregation, and racism more so in the later days but still arise in society today. In a perfect world, no one would be judged by the color of their skin and society would focus on a person’s individual true character. Often times African Americans miss out on opportunities because they are being judged by the color of their skin, rather than their abilities. The United States has tried to provide Americans the rights to equal opportunity, by creating the Affirmative action. The affirmative action eliminates people being granted opportunities based on their race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation or national origin and ensures that minority groups within a society receive equal opportunities. Although, the affirmative action was intended to diminish situations which cause people to participate in different forms of discrimination, but unless it could be fully proven that African Americans were being passed up for jobs, education, income and other forms of advancements there will never be a way to fully prohibit this form of discrimination. Today, there is still unequal opportunities and discriminatory treatment that occurs in the United States especially with African Americans. African Americans were affected by many forms of discrimination that decreased advancement to equal other races in society. They were faced with dual labor market, forcing blacks to work in lower labor market areas. Redlining was enforced by keeping businesses from helping African Americans simply because of the area they lived in. Many African Americans wanted to better themselves by furthering their education, but suffered from institutional discrimination and given less information and aid for education. Knowing the history of the African American struggles on; prejudice, discrimination, and segregation allows me to understand my roots and accomplishments of my ethnic group. Personally the history of African Americans affects me greatly, because it is the combination of struggles that has played a huge role to my advancements and opportunities performed daily. The African American ancestors fought daily through all counts of discrimination helps that allows all groups of different minority groups the same equal rights for advancement opportunities. Although, the majority of the world views of African Americans has changed there are still people that choose to discriminate against African Americans by choosing not to change with the ways of the world and maintain prejudice. Acts of discrimination is performed but not as greatly as many years ago. African American culture has had a rough past journey, but in the long run the majority of the United States has made it possible for all African Americans equal rights and opportunities in life.

The Basics of Associated Press Style

The Basics of Associated Press Style One of the first things a student in a beginning journalism course learns about is Associated Press style or AP style for short. AP style is simply a standardized way of writing everything from dates to street addresses to job titles. AP style was developed and is maintained by The Associated Press, the world’s oldest news service. Why Do I Have to Learn AP Style? Learning AP style is certainly not the most exciting or glamorous aspect of a career in journalism, but getting a handle on it is absolutely necessary. Why? Because AP style is the gold standard for print journalism. It’s used by the vast majority of newspapers in the U.S. A reporter who never bothers to learn even the basics of AP style, who gets into the habit of submitting stories filled with AP style errors, is likely to find himself covering the sewage treatment board beat for a long, long time. How Do I Learn AP Style? To learn AP style you must get your hands on an AP Stylebook. It can be purchased at most bookstores or online. The stylebook is a comprehensive catalog of proper style usage and has literally thousands of entries. As such, it can be intimidating to the first-time user. But the AP Stylebook is designed to be used by reporters and editors working on tight deadlines, so generally, it’s pretty easy to use. There’s no point in trying to memorize the AP Stylebook. The important thing is to get into the habit of using it whenever you write a news story to make sure your article follows proper AP style. The more you use the book, the more you’ll start to memorize certain points of AP style. Eventually, you won’t have to refer to the stylebook nearly as much. On the other hand, don’t get cocky and toss out your AP Stylebook once you’ve memorized the basics. Mastering AP style is a lifelong, or at least career-long, pursuit, and even expert copy editors with decades of experience find they must refer to it regularly. Indeed, walk into any newsroom, anywhere in the country and you’re likely to find an AP Stylebook on every desk. It’s the Bible of print journalism. The AP Stylebook is also an excellent reference work. It includes in-depth sections on libel law, business writing, sports, crime, and firearms – all topics that any good reporter should have a grasp of. For instance, what’s the difference between a burglary and a robbery? There are a big difference and a novice police reporter who makes the mistake of thinking they are one and the same thing is likely to get hammered by a tough editor. So before you write that the mugger burgled the little old lady’s purse, check your stylebook. Here are some of the most basic and commonly used AP style points. But remember, these represent only a tiny fraction of what’s in the AP Stylebook, so don’t use this page as a substitute for getting your own stylebook. Numbers One through nine is generally spelled out, while 10 and above are generally written as numerals. Example: He carried five books for 12 blocks. Percentages Percentages are always expressed as numerals, followed by the word â€Å"percent.† Example: The price of gas rose 5 percent. Ages Ages are always expressed as numerals. Example: He is 5 years old. Dollar Amounts Dollar amounts are always expressed as numerals, and the â€Å"$† sign is used. Example: $5, $15, $150, $150,000, $15 million, $15 billion, $15.5 billion Street Addresses Numerals are used for numbered addresses. Street, Avenue, and Boulevard are abbreviated when used with a numbered address but otherwise are spelled out. Route and Road are never abbreviated. Example: He lives at 123 Main St. His house is on Main Street. Her house in on 234 Elm Road. Dates Dates are expressed as numerals. The months August through February are abbreviated when used with numbered dates. March through July are never abbreviated. Months without dates are not abbreviated. â€Å"Th† is not used. Example: The meeting is on Oct. 15. She was born on July 12. I love the weather in November. Job Titles Job titles are generally capitalized when they appear before a person’s name, but lowercase after the name. Example: President George Bush. George Bush is the president. Film, Book Song Titles Generally, these are capitalized and placed in quotation marks. Do not use quote marks with reference books or the names of newspapers or magazines. Example: He rented â€Å"Star Wars† on DVD. She read â€Å"War and Peace.†

Alternatives To The Instrument Landing Systems Engineering Essay

Alternatives To The Instrument Landing Systems Engineering Essay Pilots have been faced with horrors of not being able to safely carry out the whole flight envelope activities during unfavourable weather conditions. The solution was the idea of somehow aiding pilots with instruments that would help get the job done. The Instrument Landing System (ILS), being the first, did break the ice but its faults and restrictions paved way for alternatives like the MPL, JPAL, IGS and TLS amongst others. It cannot be overlooked though that the ILS is still the most common of all approaches and pilots are tested numerous times on the workings of the ILS during their flight career. The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is an instrument presented, pilot interpreted, precision approach aid. The system provides the pilot with instrument indications which, when utilised in conjunction with the normal flight instruments, enables the aircraft to be manoeuvred along a precise, predetermined, final approach path. [1] Tests of the ILS began in 1929 and the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) authorised installation of the system in 1941 at six locations. The first landing of a scheduled U.S. passenger airliner using ILS was on January 26, 1938, as a Pennsylvania Central Airlines Boeing 247-D flew from Washington D.C. to Pittsburgh and landed in a snowstorm using only the Instrument Landing System.[2] The first fully automatic landing using ILS occurred at Bedford Airport UK in March 1964. [3] 1.1 Overview on the Instrument Landing System (ILS) The ILS uses two primary signals: a localizer for lateral guidance (VHF) operating between frequencies 108.10MHz and 111.95MHz; and a glide slope for vertical guidance (UHF) operating between 329.30MHz to 335.00MHz. The localizer provides course guidance throughout the descent path to the runway threshold from a distance of 18 NM from the antenna between an altitude of 1,000 feet about the highest terrain along the course line and 4,500 feet about the elevation of the antenna site. [4] On the other hand, the glide consists of two overlapping beam modulated at 150Hz and 90Hz. The centre line of the glideslope signal is arranged to define a glide slope of approximately 3Â ° above ground level with the beam being 0.7Â ° below the glideslope centreline and 0.7Â ° above the glideslope centreline i.e. 1.4Â ° in total. The transmitter is located 750 to 1,250 ft. down the runway from the threshold, offset 400 to 600 ft. from the runway centreline [5]. 1.2 Limitations facing the ILS The complexity of the ILS localizer and glide-slope system gives rise to its high installation cost. Also, there are topographic limitations with the ILS because of the complex siting requirements due to the sensitivity of both the localizer and glide slope systems. The localizer’s full functionality is limited due to effects from obstructions in the signal broadcast areas like hangers and large buildings and the glide-slope conversely is affected by the terrain in front of the glide-slope antenna. If terrain is sloping or uneven, reflections can create an uneven glide-path causing unwanted needle deflections. Additionally, the ILS only supports straight-in approaches since its signals are pointed in one direction by the positioning of the antennae arrays. Furthermore, the ILS suffers from frequency congestion because of a finite number of available frequencies (only 40 channels in all)[6], and has frequency modulation interference problems in some areas.[7] Also, the fact that it is not easily deployable makes it fall out of favour with the military. These main facts resulted into the development of the Microwave Landing System (MLS) with one intention only, to replace the ILS.

Statistics Canada, Lafour force surve of, Victoria, Bristish Essay

Statistics Canada, Lafour force surve of, Victoria, Bristish coloumbia, Canada - Essay Example Forestry, fishing, mining, quarying, oil and gas industry. In 2003 this industry was on the peak of the employment rates in B.C., before trade dispute between the Unites States and Canada took place. This trade dispute resulted in a drop in the price of lumber to the extremely low point and penalties imposing on shipment of Canadian lumber (Exports 2002). Some of the mills were closed and obviously had its impact on the employment in the B.C. Construction has shown employment growth tendency by 2005 and has achieved its lowest point in 2012 during the whole period from 2003-2013. Obviously, the growth in 2005 in this sector relates to doubling of housing starts in British Columbia, strength in building permits and investment in non-residential building (Labour Force Statistics 2004). Accommodation and food services sector has been a strong sector in the region during 2004-2005, however in 2005 there was observed continuous decline of the employment share in this sector. However, by 2006 this sector had one of the largest shares of the workforce even during its falling in 2006. Statistics Canada (2013). Table 282-0061 – Labour force survey estimates (LFS), employment by economic region and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), annual (persons). Available at